Description
A wafer type butterfly valve is a flangeless body clamped between two pipe flanges by bolts that pass right through. A disc on a shaft turns a quarter of a revolution from fully open, where it lies edge-on in the flow, to fully closed, where its rim is pressed into a resilient liner that also covers both faces of the body and acts as the flange gasket. Face-to-face length is short - a fraction of a gate valve of the same bore - which is why butterfly valves dominate large-bore water and services lines.
Because the body has no lugs, a wafer valve is held in compression by the pipework and both companion flanges must be present. It is not suitable for end-of-line duty: remove the downstream flange and there is nothing holding the valve in the line. Where a line has to be broken with the valve closed, the lug pattern is the correct choice.
The valve type is covered by MSS SP-67, by EN 593 and, for concentric-disc cold-working-pressure valves, by API 609 Category A. The disc is the part that decides service compatibility: cast iron is adequate for clean cold water, while a stainless disc is specified where the medium is aggressive, aerated or intermittently dry. The elastomer of the seat decides the rest - EPDM for water and dilute chemicals, nitrile for oils, and neither is a general-purpose answer.
When ordering, state the nominal size, the flange standard and rating the valve must sit between (EN 1092-1 PN10/16 or ASME B16.5 Class 150 - the bolt circles differ), the disc material, the seat elastomer, and the operator. Confirm the working pressure and the temperature limit with the supplier; neither is marked on the valve in the photograph.